Class 12th Haloalkanes & Haloarenes Short Notes
Introduction to Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms of hydrocarbons are replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
1. Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides)
Haloalkanes are compounds in which a halogen atom is attached to an alkyl group (R–X).
General Formula: R–X
(R = Alkyl group, X = Halogen)
Examples:
CH₃Cl (Chloromethane)
C₂H₅Br (Bromoethane)
CH₃CH₂CH₂I (1-Iodopropane)
2. Haloarenes (Aryl Halides)
Haloarenes are compounds in which a halogen atom is directly attached to an aromatic ring.
General Formula: Ar–X
(Ar = Aryl group, X = Halogen)
Examples:
C₆H₅Cl (Chlorobenzene)
C₆H₅Br (Bromobenzene)
C₆H₅I (Iodobenzene)
Importance of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Used as solvents in industries.
Used in the manufacture of medicines, dyes, and pesticides.
Serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis.
Some are used as refrigerants and anesthetics.
Examination Definition
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are organic compounds formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of alkanes or aromatic hydrocarbons with halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, or I).
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